Breast Cancer Genetic Test in Dubai

Breast Cancer
Although many risk factors may increase your
chance of developing breast cancer, it is not yet known
exactly how some of these risk factors cause cells to
become cancerous. A woman's hormones somehow stimulate
breast cancer growth. Just how this comes about has not
yet been figured out.  
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Researchers are beginning to understand how certain changes
in DNA can cause normal breast cells to become cancerous.
DNA is the chemical that carries the instructions for
nearly everything our cells do. We usually resemble our
parents because they are the source of our DNA. However,
DNA affects more than our outward appearance.

Some genes (parts of DNA) contain instructions for controlling
when our cells grow, divide, and die. Certain genes that
promote cell division are called oncogenes. Others that
slow down cell division, or cause cells to die at the
right time, are called tumor suppressor genes. It is known
that cancers can be caused by DNA mutations (changes)
that "turn on" oncogenes or "turn off" tumor suppressor
genes.

The BRCA genes (BRCA1 and BRCA2) are tumor suppressor genes. When they
are mutated, they no longer function to suppress abnormal growth and
cancer is more likely to develop. Certain inherited DNA changes
(you are born with these) can cause an increased risk for developing
cancer in people who carry these changes and are responsible for the
cancers that run in some families.
Most DNA mutations related to breast cancer, however, occur in single
breast cells during a woman's life rather than having been inherited.
These acquired mutations of oncogenes and/or tumor suppressor genes may
result from radiation or cancer-causing chemicals. So far, studies have
not been able to identify any chemical in the environment or in our
diets that is likely to cause these mutations, or a subsequent breast
cancer. The cause of most acquired mutations remains unknown.

Women have already begun to benefit in several ways from recent
advances in understanding the genetic basis of breast cancer. The
section, "What Are the Risk Factors for Breast Cancer?" explains how
genetic testing can identify some women who have inherited abnormal
BRCA1, BRCA2, CHEK-2, or p53 tumor suppressor genes. These women can
then take steps to reduce their risk of developing breast cancers and
to monitor changes in their breasts carefully to find cancer at an
earlier, more treatable stage. (For more information see the American
Cancer Society documents, "Medicines to Reduce Breast Cancer Risk" and
"Breast Cancer Early Detection.")